En este artículo discutimos la tesis de Jc Beall según la cual no hay negación lógica. Evaluamos la solidez del argumento con el que defiende su tesis y presentamos dos razones para rechazar una de sus premisas: que la negación tiene que ser excluyente o exhaustiva. La primera razón involucra una presentación alternativa de las reglas de la negación en sistemas de secuentes diferentes al que Beall presupone. La segunda razón establece que la negación no tiene que ser excluyente o (...) exhaustiva. (shrink)

In this paper I explore whether three different approaches to connexivity – namely, Lewis and Langford’s, Wansing’s and Egré and Politzer’s – can be non-trivially related. Lewis and Langford’s approach consists of the definition of the conditional in terms of consistency via the definition of possibility in terms of consistency and Lewis’ definition of the (strict) conditional in terms of possibility; Wansing’s approach is based on his definition of the falsity condition for the conditional as “if A is true then (...) B is false”; Egré and Politzer’s approach relies on the modalization of the falsity condition for the conditional in its conditional form (A→◇~B). With this background in mind, I build upon Estrada-González’s work relating connexivism and possibilism, the thesis according to which everything is possible. Estrada-González’s work relates Lewis and Langford’s connexive approach with Nelson’s idea that every proposition is self-consistent. He does so using a fragment of LP augmented with a special conditional. This relation has resulted in the study and postulation of several truth-functional modalities, some of which have already been discussed elsewhere. I employ several truth-functional modalities to evaluate Egré and Politzer’s falsity conditions for the conditional. I show that in using Béziau’s truth-functional modality ◇B, definable in Estrada-González’s framework, one can retain in a single framework the three different approaches. More specifically, distinguishing the notion of logical equivalence from the notion of interderivability and these two from the notion of coimplication, it is possible to relate ~(A→B) and (A→◇~B) as interderivable schemas and in a valid biconditional. I also show some consequences of this for Béziau’s negative appraisal of three-valued truthfunctional modalities. (shrink)

In this paper we present a characterization of hyper-connexivity by means of a relating semantics for Boolean connexive logics. We also show that the minimal Boolean connexive logic is Abelardian, strongly consistent, Kapsner strong and antiparadox. We give an example showing that the minimal Boolean connexive logic is not simplificative. This shows that the minimal Boolean connexive logic is not totally connexive.

Seen from the point of view of evaluation conditions, a usual way to obtain a connexive logic is to take a well-known negation, for example, Boolean negation or de Morgan negation, and then assign special properties to the conditional to validate Aristotle’s and Boethius’ Theses. Nonetheless, another theoretical possibility is to have the extensional or the material conditional and then assign special properties to the negation to validate the theses. In this paper we examine that possibility, not sufficiently explored in (...) the connexive literature yet.We offer a characterization of connexive negation disentangled from the cancellation account of negation, a previous attempt to define connexivity on top of a distinctive negation. We also discuss an ancient view on connexive logics, according to which a valid implication is one where the negation of the consequent is incompatible with the antecedent, and discuss the role of our idea of connexive negation for this kind of view. (shrink)

The article discusses infinitism, the view that a belief is justified for a subject only if she possesses an infinite chain of available reasons for that belief. In its most recent and sophisticated version, the view allegedly escapes the problems that trouble its main competitors, foundationalism and coherentism, while avoiding the traditional objections which relegated it to a marginal place. The article argues that despite these improvements, sophisticated versions of infinitism face a pressing problem, viz. they are unable to appropriately (...) articulate propositional and doxastic justification. (shrink)

Resumen: En Towards a genealogy of pharmaceutical practice, sostuvimos que la práctica farmacológica daba lugar a un nuevo tipo de biopoder, con tecnologías y racionalidades propias, que lo distinguían del biopoder que había reconocido Michel Foucault en su trabajo tardío. Pero también sostuvimos que su contracara era la generación de nuevas formas de resistencia. En este artículo presentaremos dos modelos específicos de resistencias producidos por el dispositivo del poder farmacológico: uno, que tiene como caso básico el de los movimientos proanorexia, (...) que operan resignificando la categoría misma de la patología “anoréxica” a base del fármaco Xenical; otro, que tiene referencia en la experiencia relatada por Beatriz Preciado en su libro Testo yonqui y que actúa superando los límites legales, médicos y morales, para arrojarse a la producción de una nueva identidad jamás antes trazada al consumir dosis no permitidas de testosterona en gel.: In a previous work, we have argued that pharmacological practice has given rise to a new type of biopower, with specific technologies and rationalities, distinguishing it from the biopower that Michel Foucault recognised in his later work. However, we also argued that another effect has been the creation of new forms of resistance. In this article, we present two specific models of resistance created by the apparatus of pharmacological power: one, inspired by pro-anorexia movements, which operates by resignifying the pathological categorization of anorexia using the drug Xenical; another, based on the experience outlined by Beatriz Preciado in her 2008 book Testo Junkie, which operates by overcoming legal, medical and moral limits to create a ground-breaking new identity by consuming prohibited doses of gel testosterone. (shrink)

En Towards a genealogy of pharmaceutical practice, sostuvimos que la práctica farmacológica daba lugar a un nuevo tipo de biopoder, con tecnologías y racionalidades propias, que lo distinguían del biopoder que había reconocido Michel Foucault en su trabajo tardío. Pero también sostuvimos que su contracara era la generación de nuevas formas de resistencia. En este artículo presentaremos dos modelos específicos de resistencias producidos por el dispositivo del poder farmacológico: uno, que tiene como caso básico el de los movimientos pro-anorexia, que (...) operan resignificando la categoría misma de la patología “anoréxica” en base al fármaco Xenical; otro, que tiene referencia en la experiencia relatada por Beatriz Preciado en su libro Testo yonqui y que actúa superando los límites legales, médicos y morales, para arrojarse a la producción de una nueva identidad jamás antes trazada al consumir dosis no permitidas de testosterona en gel. (shrink)

Following Foucault’s work on disciplinary power and biopolitics, this article maps an initial cartography of the research areas to be traced by a genealogy of pharmacological practice. Pharmacology, as a practical activity, refers to the creation, production and sale of drugs/medication. This work identifies five lines of research that, although often disconnected from each other, may be observed in the specialized literature: pharmaceuticalization; regulation of the pharmaceutical industry; the political-economic structure of the pharmaceutical industry; consumption/consumerism of medications; and bio-knowledge. The (...) article suggests that a systematic analysis of these areas leads one to consider pharmacological practice a sui generis apparatus of power, which reaches beyond the purely disciplinary and biopolitical levels to encompass molecular configurations, thereby giving rise not only to new types of government over life, but also to new struggles for life, extending from molecular to population-wide levels. (shrink)

The article discusses infinitism, the view that a belief is justified for a subject only if she possesses an infinite chain of available reasons for that belief. In its most recent and sophisticated version, the view allegedly escapes the problems that trouble its main competitors, foundationalism and coherentism, while avoiding the traditional objections which relegated it to a marginal place. The article argues that despite these improvements, sophisticated versions of infinitism face a pressing problem, viz. they are unable to appropriately (...) articulate propositional and doxastic justification. (shrink)

The history of Latin American societies since their beginnings has been marked by popular revolts. It is a history written the majority of the time with violence which claims the right to life. It is the history of a community that refuses and resists the loss of its spaces. It has always been..

A clausal logic allowing to handle term-graphs is defined. Term-graphs are a generalization of terms (in the usual sense) possibly containing shared subterms and cycles. The satisfiability problem for this logic is shown to be undecidable (not even semi-decidable), but some fragments are identified for which it is semi-decidable. A complete (w.r.t validity) calculus for these fragments is proposed. Some simple examples give a taste of this calculus at work.

Traditionally, the field of science and technology studies (STS) considered the scientific laboratory as the central site of knowledge production and technological development. While providing rich analyses of the social construction of scientific knowledge and the role of non-human actors, STS scholars have often neglected the university – the very context in which laboratories themselves are embedded – as a relevant object of research. In this paper, we argue for re-introducing the university as a relevant category and object of analysis (...) by using the notion of epistemic virtues to link epistemic culture – traditionally the focus of STS – and epistemic structure – traditionally the focus of higher education studies. Advancing this line of argumentation, we make three analytical moves. First, we explore academic freedom as a specific version of negative liberty that extends beyond disciplinary boundaries. We suggest that academics continuously negotiate academic freedom considering culturally and socially situated epistemic virtues such as objectivity and neutrality. Second, we introduce the notion of humility to revisit scientific knowledge production more generally and academic freedom in particular. Finally, we argue that practicing humility leads to enacting the university as an infrastructure of becoming otherwise, thereby enriching our understanding of universities as distinct and highly complex social spaces with a logic of their own. (shrink)

Parte-se da idea de que as territorialidades contra-hegemônicas no mundo rural são resultantes de um duplo processo de aprendizagem e/ou adaptación: um interno ao próprio território, resultante da coevolução entre ecosisstemas e comunidades, e outro externo e entre territórios –o que envolve os processos de territorialização do capital sobre territórios tradicionais. Estas dinâmicas adaptativas dos territórios tradicionais e alternativos são expressas em hibridismos de práticas e representações sociais modernas e tradicionais acerca dos atributos reprodutivos da natureza: a fertilidad da natureza (...) nos territórios tradicionais subsume a reprodutibilidade do complexo socioambiental, ao passo que o imaginário de natureza na cultura científica moderna subsume a produtividade objetivada dos ecossistemas. Em outros termos, trata-se de interpretar narrativas e políticas de natureza. De fato, o entendimiento da complexidade da reprodução socioterritorial da agricultura e pesca tradicionais e alternativas (como aquelas da agricultura familiar de base ecológica) subsume, portanto, a indissociabilidade dos aspectos objetivos e subjetivos acerca da reprodutibilidade de sistema produtivo lato sensu, ou seja, dos condicionantes geoecológicos locais, dos valores e simbolismos tradicionais, que são sintetizados nas estratégias de adaptação e resiliência das comunidades rurais frente aos projetos de (re)territorialização do Capital sobre aqueles territórios contra-hegemônicos. (shrink)

Background: The field of voice and speech analysis has become increasingly popular over the last 10 years, and articles on its use in detecting neurodegenerative diseases have proliferated. Many studies have identified characteristic speech features that can be used to draw an accurate distinction between healthy aging among older people and those with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Speech analysis has been singled out as a cost-effective and reliable method for detecting the presence of both conditions. In this research, (...) a systematic review was conducted to determine these features and their diagnostic accuracy.Methods: Peer-reviewed literature was located across multiple databases, involving studies that apply new procedures of automatic speech analysis to collect behavioral evidence of linguistic impairments along with their diagnostic accuracy on Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The risk of bias was assessed by using JBI and QUADAS-2 checklists.Results: Thirty-five papers met the inclusion criteria; of these, 11 were descriptive studies that either identified voice features or explored their cognitive correlates, and the rest were diagnostic studies. Overall, the studies were of good quality and presented solid evidence of the usefulness of this technique. The distinctive acoustic and rhythmic features found are gathered. Most studies record a diagnostic accuracy over 88% for Alzheimer's and 80% for mild cognitive impairment.Conclusion: Automatic speech analysis is a promising tool for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The reported features seem to be indicators of the cognitive changes in older people. The specific features and the cognitive changes involved could be the subject of further research. (shrink)

The aim of this research is to analyse the socio-pedagogical actions carried out in Spanish prisons. To do so, we begin by analysing the main regulations covering educational policy in prisons, share as an essential axis the orientation of the custodial sentence towards the re-education and social reintegration of the prisoners, serving as a basis for justifying social intervention. Secondly, we analysed the prison population, where we observed a prevalence of men over women, a greater presence of crimes related to (...) material offences and an average age of the population between 35 and 45 years old. Thirdly, based on the legislative and contextualized review, we analysed the programmes that are carried out in prison, the socio-educational potentials that may arise, through their principal objectives and the target groups they are aimed at, with the purpose of detecting good socio-educational practices. We underline the social and pedagogical function of these activities, as opposed to the therapeutic vision from which they emanate, highlighting the emancipatory potential of such an approach. Finally, we conclude with the professionalizing principles that can guide good practices in socio-educational intervention in prison, both in the Spanish context and in other countries with similar characteristics. (shrink)

The goal of the 2010 Ontology Summit was to address the current shortage of persons with ontology expertise by developing a strategy for the education of ontologists. To achieve this goal we studied how ontologists are currently trained, the requirements identified by organizations that hire ontologists, and developments that might impact the training of ontologists in the future. We developed recommendations for the body of knowledge that should be taught and the skills that should be developed by future ontologists; these (...) recommendations are intended as guidelines for institutions and organizations that may consider establishing a program for training ontologists. Further, we recommend a number of specific actions for the community to pursue. (shrink)

En el artículo se traza una genealogía de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez, estructura sobre la que nació esta revista. Parte de una primera etapa desde su creación hasta 1948 (sus directores fueron Corts Grau y Gómez Arboleya), en la que se configuró como un aparato ideológico de la dictadura franquista: se trataba de dibujar una historia, buscar unos orígenes donde anclar la legitimidad del nuevo Estado. Tras un paréntesis de poca actividad, la siguiente etapa, 1957-1967 (director Asís Garrote), fue (...) un intento de apertura más allá de la escolástica, editándose a partir de 1961 los Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez. Finalmente, en la última etapa (1967-1985), con la llegada de López Calera a la Universidad de Granada, se produce un cambio de orientación: se abandonaron los objetivos fundacionales, dejando de ser un aparato ideológico del franquismo para convertirse, por medio de la revista, en una atalaya desde donde divisar las corrientes y problemáticas actuales en la Filosofía del Derecho. (shrink)

Public interest is intended to mean a consolidation of the prevailing ends of the legal and political order of a democratic state. This is a vague legal concept that generally carries the risks of confusion and manipulation. The undoubted difficulties involved in its determination often lead to it being credited (or discredited) as an ideological concept. Administrative doctrine holds that vague legal concepts do not widen administrative discretion and do not open up a route to arbitrariness. However, neither the legislator (...) nor the administration nor the judiciary have managed to avoid the risks of indeterminacy. Perhaps the best guarantee for achieving a reasonable validation of this concept is to establish a strong relationship between public interest and democracy. Public interest as distinguished from the metaphysical idea of natural law and the common good, must be above all a democratic value, in that its definition should be in the hands of democratically legitimated power and its implementation must involve the protection and realization of a greater number of private interests. From another perspective, the crisis that always grip the concept requires us to emphasize the need for public interest to be a matter for eachs citizen, that is, the pursuit of general interest involves the ability of every citizen to put a distance between it and their private interests. (shrink)

O artigo trata das reformas educacionais apresentadas pelos organismos internacionais às nações periféricas, na perspectiva de um diálogo histórico-filosófico sobre as crises da educação nesse período de globalização. Privilegia o estudo teórico-bibliográfico de caráter analítico-exploratório, orientando-se pelo horizonte metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético. Tem por objetivo compreender as implicações das crises do capital nas reformas educacionais dos países periféricos. No campo da educação, conclui-se que essas reformas estão em sintonia com as medidas neoliberais que visam fomentar uma mão-de-obra flexível e precarizada (...) para o mercado de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo em que buscam manter o controle socioeconômico e ideológico da classe trabalhadora. (shrink)

The aim of this work is to present the thesis “On the Ontogenetic Evolution of the Human Embryo in its Relations with Phylogenesis,” by Affonso Regulo de Oliveira Fausto, published in Brazil in 1890. To our knowledge, it was one of the first Brazilian academic works focused specifically on evolution. It was also the first doctoral thesis that addressed the topic of recapitulation in order to analyze what was then called the progressive evolution of the human species in tandem with (...) the embryological development of the individuals that would constitute the Brazilian “type.” In the present work, we analyze the author’s thesis in relation to its sources, concepts, as well as the country’s political context at the time of its publication. Fausto’s text, in which he explicitly recognized the influence of Ernst Haeckel’s recapitulation theory, represents a window to understand better a concept of nation based on science and on the idea of inexorable progress that was accepted in Brazil at the end of the nineteenth century. (shrink)

In management theory and business practice, the dealing with diversity, especially a diverse workforce, has played a prominent role in recent years. In a globalizing economy companies recognized potential benefits of a multicultural workforce and tried to create more inclusive work environments. However, many organizations have been disappointed with the results they have achieved in their efforts to meet the diversity challenge [Cox: 2001, Creating the Multicultural Organization (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco)]. We see the reason for this in the fact (...) that while much attention has been paid to the strategic dimension of diversity policies, systems, and processes, much less thought has been given to the normative dimension, the norms and values involved. Given the fact that diversity is essentially about cultural norms and values, appropriate reflection work becomes a fundamental task to create a truly inclusive work environment where people from diverse backgrounds feel respected and recognized. Therefore, we focus in this article on the challenge of building an inclusive diversity culture showing that such a culture of inclusion has to be built on solid moral grounds. We present a conceptual framework of inclusion based on a moral theory of recognition and introduce the founding principles of reciprocal understanding, standpoint plurality and mutual enabling, trust and integrity. After revealing barriers that hinder a culture of inclusion from emerging we shed light on the process of developing such a culture which involves four essential transformational stages: The first phase focuses on raising awareness, building understanding and encouraging reflection. The second phase deals with the development of a vision of inclusion as an important step to define the change direction. In a third phase key management concepts and principles should be re-thought. This leads to the fourth, action-oriented phase, that focuses on an integrated Human Relations Management (HRM)1 system that helps implement change by doing both, translating the founding principles via competencies into observable and measurable behavior and fostering the development, reinforcement and recognition of inclusive behavior. (shrink)

El presente escrito se propone a partir del análisis de los trabajos de Francisco Leocata sobre la historia de las ideas filosóficas en la Argentina distinguir tres líneas de fuerza o bien tres modos de hacer filosofía en armonía con la fe cristiana. Dos de ellos presentes ya desde los comienzos en la época de la colonia, y entrando progresivamente en disputa; un tercero que se perfila en el marco del llamado pensamiento latinoamericano. Para ello, será necesario elucidar primeramente (...) dos presupuestos, a saber, qué entiende el autor por filosofía cristiana y por qué es importante distinguir modernidad de ilustración. A partir de allí, seguirá una reseña histórica crítica de pensadores argentinos en mayor o menor medida afines al cristianismo que se clasificarán por su rechazo o apoyo a las ideas de la modernidad/ilustración. Finalmente, se sugiere reconocer como derivación de estas reflexiones una tercera posición en el pensamiento de Juan Carlos Scannone. (shrink)

È cosa nota che la nozione di relazione sia uno dei pilastri teorici della dottrina metafisica e della teologia di molti autori Scolastici medievali e moderni e sia alla base della loro visione cosmologica del mondo. Questo saggio intende ricostruire la nozione di relazione reale nel pensiero di Francisco Suárez, esplorando la sua articolazione interna in concetti inferiori e affrontando alcuni nuclei problematici tipici del dibattito scolastico. La prima sezione dell’articolo prende in considerazione il concetto estensivo di relazione reale, (...) tracciando la distinzione fondamentale tra relazioni categoriali e relazioni trascendentali: mentre le prime sono degli accidenti che devono soddisfare tre condizioni per esistere (l’esistenza di un soggetto, di un fondamento e di un termine), le seconde non sono accidenti e fanno direttamente parte dell’essenza della cosa a cui si riferiscono. La seconda parte si concentra invece sull’analisi del concetto intensivo di relazione, giungendo alla definizione di relazione reale come una referenza reale fondata sul primo elemento della relazione (il fondamento) e diretta verso il secondo (il termine) come qualcosa di diverso da sé. Infine, l’ultima sezione del saggio si sofferma sul problema della natura della distinzione tra la relazione e il suo fondamento. Dopo aver esaminato l’opinione di eminenti autori, ossia Tommaso d’Aquino, Duns Scoto, Durando da San Porciano e Pedro da Fonseca, Suárez assume la posizione nominalistica che riduce lo statuto ontologico della relazione a quello del suo fondamento. Su questo punto la dottrina di Suárez si discosta da quella di Ockham solo per l’aggiunta della tesi della distinzione di ragione tra la relazione e il suo fondamento, una posizione inammissibile per i nominalisti. _ It is commonly known that the notion of relation is one of the theoretical pillars of the metaphysical and theological doctrine of many medieval and modern scholastic authors, determining their cosmological world view. This essay aims to reconstruct the notion of real relation in Francisco Suárez's thought, exploring its internal articulation in lower concepts and addressing some problematic cores peculiar to the scholastic debate. The first section of the paper considers the extension of the concept of real relations, drawing the fundamental distinction between categorical and transcendental relations: while the former are accidents that must fulfil three conditions in order to exist (the existence of a subject, a foundation and a term), the latter are not accidents and are thus part of the essence of the thing they refer to. The second part focuses on the intension of the concept of real relation, concluding by defining it as a real reference based on the first element of the relation (the foundation) and directed towards the second (the term) as something else. Finally, the last section of the essay addresses the problem of the nature of the distinction between the relation and its foundation. After examining some eminent authors’ position, namely Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, Durandus of Saint-Pourçain and Pedro da Fonseca, Suárez assumes the Nominalist position which reduces the ontological status of the relation to that of its foundation. In this regard, Suárez's doctrine differs from Ockham's only by adding the thesis of the distinction of reason between the relation and its foundation, a position unacceptable for Nominalists _. (shrink)

En el siguiente trabajo nos proponemos abordar el caso argentino en el que la historieta operó como un primer vehículo de representación por parte de la industria cultural de un acontecimiento traumático social, mas precisamente de los tópicos o marcas de la dictadura de 1976. Específicamente trabajaremos el caso particular de la revista "Fierro, historieta para sobrevivientes" (1984-1992) durante los años de la transición a la democracia, es decir entre 1984 y 1985. Asimismo hemos elegido de entre todas las historietas (...) publicadas, la serie "Batalla de las Malvinas" (1984), con guión de Ricardo Barreiro, y dibujos de Carlos Pedrazzini, Alberto Macagno y Marcelo Pérez. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de repensar el lugar de la historieta como representación válida del pasado reciente, una representación que incluso puede provocar una mirada crítica y aportar a la consolidación de la memoria. (shrink)

The process of democratic consolidation in Mexico has not resolved the issues of trust in public institutions due to the lack of mechanisms to implement public policies related to transparency and accountability. Municipal governments have struggled to meet transparency and accountability obligations due to the heterogeneity in their demographic, economic, cultural, and institutional composition. In the case of Sonora, most municipalities have faced difficulties in fulfilling these basic information obligations on their portals and assuming responsibility for the management of resources. (...) The aim of this study is to explain the main factors that have hindered the fulfillment of these transparency and accountability obligations in the municipalities of the state of Sonora and to analyze the institutional instruments involved. This research reveals findings on the relationship between transparency and accountability policies and the municipal institutional design, and how the latter has represented an obstacle for the efficient implementation of these policies in Sonora’s municipalities. (shrink)

1. Overconfidence is usually understood as being more confident than reality justifies (Harvey, 1997; Moore & Healy, 2008; Pompian, 2006), which leads individuals to overestimate their performance...

W illia m o f Ockha m w a s a F rancisca n fria r , a theol o gia n an d a v e r y singula r philo sophe r . H e l i v e d a t a tim e o f crisi s an d durin g th e transitio n o f philosop h y an d theol o g y . Hi s secularis m i s manifeste d i n (...) th e defens e o f a radica l separatio n bet w ee n th e religious an d secula r p ow ers . Assigne d t o th e philosophica l cu r ren t o f nominalism , h e deal t a s e v ere b l o w t o th e metap h ysica l realis m o f Aristotl e an d Thoma s Aquina s an d h e ad v ocate d the separatio n o f reaso n an d f aith , bet w ee n philosop h y an d theol o g y an d thu s h e unde r mined th e ideol o gica l foundation s o f th e churc h o f hi s time . H e w a s accuse d o f heres y because o f hi s nominalism , althoug h h e himsel f condemne d P op e Joh n XXI I a s heretica l fo r his conceptio n o f p o v e r t y , a concep t f a r rem o v e d fro m ev angelica l principle s an d especial ly fro m th e notio n o f th e F rancisca n orde r . H e defende d th e separatio n o f churc h an d stat e and h e denie d th e P ope ’ s authorit y i n secula r matters . H e flat ly asse r te d freedo m o f conscience an d Luthe r too k hi m a s a teache r. (shrink)